Isifinyezo se-TL;DR

Izinhlelo ze-intercom zevidiyo ezinezintambo ezimbili zidlulisa ividiyo, umsindo, kanye namandla ngekhebula elilodwa elisontekile, okunikeza ukufakwa okulula uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zezintambo eziningi. Izinzuzo ezibalulekile zifaka phakathi izindleko ezincishisiwe zokufaka izintambo (ezingaphansi ngo-40% kunezinhlelo zendabuko), ukulungiswa okulula kwezakhiwo ezikhona, kanye nokuhambisana nengqalasizinda endala. Imikhawulo ifaka phakathi imikhawulo yebanga (ngokuvamile amamitha ayi-100-150), ikhwalithi yevidiyo ephansi uma kuqhathaniswaIzinhlelo ze-IP, kanye nokukhuliswa okulinganiselwe.

Isingeniso: Ukuqonda Ubuchwepheshe be-Intercom yevidiyo yezintambo ezimbili

Uhlelo lwe-intercom yevidiyo olunezintambo ezimbili lumelela ukwakheka kokuxhumana okuhlanganisa ividiyo, umsindo, kanye nokudluliselwa kwamandla kukhebula elilodwa elisontekile. Lobu buchwepheshe buhlanganisa igebe phakathi kwezinhlelo ze-analog zendabuko kanye nezixazululo zesimanje ezisekelwe ku-IP.

Ngokusho kwe-Consumer Technology Association (CTA), izinhlelo zezintambo ezimbili zibiza u-28% wemakethe ye-intercom yokuhlala, enenani elilinganiselwa ku-$3.2 billion emhlabeni jikelele ngo-2026.

Lobu buchwepheshe busebenzisa ukucubungula isignali yedijithali ukuze kuhlanganiswe ukusakazwa kwedatha eminingi kubaqhubi ababili. Ngokungafani nezinhlelo zendabuko zezintambo ezine noma izintambo eziyisithupha ezidinga izindlela ezihlukene zevidiyo, umsindo, amandla, kanye nezibonakaliso zokulawula, izinhlelo zezintambo ezimbili zisebenzisa ukuphindaphinda kokuhlukaniswa kwemvamisa noma ukufaka ikhodi yedijithali ukuhlanganisa le misebenzi.

Izinzuzo zezinhlelo ze-Intercom zevidiyo ezinezintambo ezimbili

Ukufakwa Okulula kanye Nezindleko Zabasebenzi Ezincishisiwe

Ubunzima bokufaka buncipha kakhulu ngezinhlelo zezintambo ezimbili. I-National Electrical Contractors Association (NECA) ilinganisela ukonga kwabasebenzi okungu-35-45% uma kuqhathaniswa nokufakwa kwezintambo eziningi.

Ochwepheshe bezogesi bahambisa ikhebula elilodwa lisuka eyunithi ephakathi liye esiteshini ngasinye, okunciphisa izidingo zomsele kanye nokungena kodonga.

Ukuhambisana Nengqalasizinda Ekhona

Izinhlelo eziningi zezintambo ezimbili zisebenzisa ikhebula locingo elijwayelekile (i-Cat3) noma izintambo ezisontekile ezivame ukutholakala ezakhiweni ezakhiwe ngemva kuka-1980. Lokhu kuhambisana kuqeda isidingo sokufakelwa kabusha izintambo ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa.

Lezi zinhlelo zivame ukusebenza neziteshi zeminyango ezikhona kanye neziqaphi zangaphakathi, zilondoloza ukutshalwa kwezimali kwihadiwe yakudala.

Ukusetshenziswa Kahle Kwezindleko Kokufakwa Okuncane Kuya Okuphakathi

Izindleko zezinto zokwakha zezinhlelo zezintambo ezimbili ziphakathi kuka-$0.80-1.20 ngefithi uma kuqhathaniswa no-$1.50-2.50 wezintambo ze-coaxial ezivikelwe noma ze-Ethernet.

Esakhiweni samafulethi esinamayunithi angu-50, lo mehluko usho ukuthi uzokonga ikhebula ngo-$2,000-3,500 kuphela. Uma kuhlanganiswa namahora okusebenza ancishisiwe, izindleko zokufaka ziyoncipha ngo-30-40% uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela ezifanayo ezisekelwe ku-IP.

Imikhawulo kanye nokucatshangelwa

Ibanga kanye Nezithiyo Zekhwalithi Yesignali

Izinhlelo zezintambo ezimbili zibhekene nemikhawulo yebanga elingokwemvelo. Ukugijima kwekhebula okuphezulu kuvame ukuba phakathi kwamamitha ayi-100 kuya kwangu-150 kuye ngokuthi igeyiji yentambo ingakanani kanye nemininingwane yesistimu.

Ngale kwala mabanga, ukuwohloka kwesiginali kuthinta ikhwalithi yevidiyo kanye nokuthembeka kwesistimu. Izinga le-TIA-568 linikeza iziqondiso zokukhetha ikhebula ukuze kuncishiswe ukuncishiswa kwebanga.

Imikhawulo Yesixazululo Sevidiyo

Imikhawulo ye-bandwidth ezinhlelweni ezinezintambo ezimbili ikhawulela ukulungiswa kwevidiyo ku-480p-720p ekusetshenzisweni okuningi. Nakuba kwanele ukuhlonza izivakashi okuyisisekelo, lezi zixazululo azifiki kumakhono e-1080p noma e-4K anikezwa izinhlelo ezisekelwe ku-IP.

Ukuqashelwa kobuso kanye nokubanjwa kwepuleti lelayisensi kudinga ukulungiswa okuphezulu okungatholakali ngobuchwepheshe obujwayelekile bezintambo ezimbili.

Izinselele Zokukhula Nokuhlanganisa

Ukwanda ngale kokubalwa kwamayunithi okucacisiwe ngumkhiqizi kudinga ukushintshwa kwesistimu kunokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo. Ukuhlanganiswa nokulawulwa kokufinyelela kwenkampani yangaphandle, i-CCTV, noma izinhlelo zokuphatha izakhiwo kusalokhu kunqunyelwe uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela ezisekelwe ku-IP ezisebenzisa amaphrothokholi ajwayelekile njenge-ONVIF noma i-SIP.

Ukuqhathanisa Kobuchwepheshe: Izinhlelo ze-Intercom ze-2-Wire vs IP Video

Izindlela Ezinhle Zokufaka Zama-Intercom Evidiyo Enezintambo Ezimbili

Izidingo Zokukhetha Intambo kanye Nesilinganiso

Khetha ikhebula elisontekile elingu-18-22 AWG ukuze ugijime ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-100. Uma ubheka amabanga asondela kumamitha ayi-150, sebenzisa i-16 AWG ukuze unciphise ukwehla kwamandla kagesi.

Ikhebula elivikelwe linciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic ezindaweni ezinokukhanya kwe-fluorescent noma imishini yemoto. I-NEC Article 725 inikeza izidingo zekhodi zamasekethe anomkhawulo wamandla ekilasini 2 avame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-intercom.

Izinto Ezicatshangelwayo Zokuphola Nokuqeda

Gcina i-polarity ihambisanayo phakathi nokufakwa. Ukubuyisela emuva ama-conductor kunoma iyiphi indawo kuvimbela ukusebenza kwesistimu.

Sebenzisa ikhebula elinemibala (ngokuvamile elibomvu/elimnyama noma eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/elimhlophe) ukuqinisekisa ukuhlonza okufanele. Qeda ukuxhumana usebenzisa izixhumi ezichazwe umenzi noma amabhlogo esiphetho alinganiswe ngesilinganiso sentambo.

Ukubalwa Kokunikezwa Kwamandla Nokwehla Kwe-Voltage

Bala ukwehla kwe-voltage usebenzisa ifomula:

VD = (2 x L x I x R) / 1000

Kuphi:

• L = ubude bekhebula ngezinyawo
• I = ugesi kuma-ampere
• R = ukumelana kwentambo ngamamitha ayi-1000

Gcina i-voltage esiteshini ingaphakathi kwe-10% yesilinganiso esilinganiselwe.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Ngingakwazi yini ukuthuthukisa kusuka ku-analog kuya ku-2-wire ngaphandle kokushintsha zonke izintambo?

Yebo, izinhlelo zezintambo ezimbili zivame ukusebenzisa izintambo zocingo noma ze-intercom ezikhona. Qinisekisa isimo sekhebula kanye nokuhambisana kwegeyiji ngaphambi kokuqhubeka. Izinhlelo ezisebenzisa i-Cat3 noma ikhebula le-twisted pair elifakwe ngemva kuka-1990 zivame ukusekela ubuchwepheshe bezintambo ezimbili ngaphandle kokuxhuma kabusha izintambo.

Yiliphi inani eliphezulu leziteshi ezisekelwayo?

Umthamo uyahlukahluka kuye ngomkhiqizi kanye nokwakheka kwesistimu. Izinhlelo zezinga lokuqala zisekela iziteshi ezingu-8-16. Izinhlelo zezinga lobuchwepheshe zithatha amayunithi angu-50-100. Ukudlula izincazelo zomkhiqizi kubangela amaphutha okuxhumana kanye nekhwalithi yevidiyo ewohlokile.

Ingabe izinhlelo zezintambo ezimbili ziyakusekela ukuqoshwa kwevidiyo?

Ezinye izinhlelo ezinezintambo ezimbili zifaka izikhala zamakhadi e-SD zokuqopha kwasendaweni esiteshini esikhulu. Amakhono okuqopha amafu adinga izinhlelo ezinamamojula okuxhumana kwenethiwekhi. Ukuqopha okuqhubekayo kuthinta umkhawulokudonsa wesistimu futhi kunganciphisa ikhwalithi yevidiyo yesikhathi sangempela.

Ingabe ama-intercom anezintambo ezimbili angahlangana nezingidi zeminyango kagesi?

Iningi lamamonitha angaphakathi anezintambo ezimbili afaka okukhiphayo kokudlulisa ukuze kusebenze ukukhulula iminyango. Xhuma izihibe zikagesi noma izingidi zikamazibuthe usebenzisa izinsiza zamandla ezihlukile ezinosayizi wokudonsa kwamandla kagesi edivayisini ekhiyayo. Qinisekisa ukuhambisana kwe-voltage (ngokuvamile i-12VDC noma i-24VDC).

Ngingazixazulula kanjani izinkinga zekhwalithi yevidiyo?

Hlola igeyiji yekhebula ukuze ubone ibanga lokufakwa. Kala i-voltage esiteshini ukuqinisekisa ukulethwa kwamandla okwanele. Hlola ukuxhumana ukuze ubone ukuthi akugqwali noma kuyaxega. Hlukanisa izintambo ze-intercom kusuka kuzintambo ze-voltage ephezulu okungenani ngamasentimitha angu-12 ukuze uvimbele ukuphazamiseka.

Isiphetho: Ukukhetha Ubuchwepheshe Obufanele

Izinhlelo ze-intercom zevidiyo ezinezintambo ezimbili zinikeza izixazululo ezisebenzayo zokufakwa kwezindlu nezindawo zokuhweba ezincane lapho ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko kanye nokufakwa okulula kudlula izidingo zezici ezithuthukisiwe.

Ubuchwepheshe buhamba phambili ezinhlelweni zokulungisa kabusha kanye nasezindaweni ezinendawo ekhona enengqalasizinda ye-twisted pair. Ukuqonda imikhawulo kwenza kube lula ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi uma uqhathanisa ezinye izindlela ze-2-wire kunezinhlelo ezisekelwe ku-IP.

Ukulungele ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwakho lwe-intercom?Hlola i-akhawunti yethuIzixazululo ze-intercom yevidiyo ye-IP ezinezintambo ezimbili or xhumana nochwepheshe bethuukuze uthole ukubonisana kwamahhala.