Esikhathini lapho ubuchwepheshe bekhaya elihlakaniphile buthembisa ukuhlala okungenazihibe, ama-intercom eminyango anokukhishwa kweminyango aseyisici esijwayelekile emafulethini, ema-townhome, nasemiphakathini ebiyelwe emhlabeni jikelele. Njengoba ithengiswa njengenhlanganisela yokulula nokuvikeleka—okuvumela izakhamuzi ukuthi ziqinisekise izivakashi futhi zivule iminyango zikude—lezi zinhlelo zivame ukubhekwa njengezithuthukisi ezibalulekile zokuphila kwanamuhla.
Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kokuxhumana kwabo okuhle kanye nezici ezisindisa isikhathi kukhona uchungechunge lobuthakathaka obukhulayo bokuphepha obubeka imindeni ekwebiweni, ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe, ekwephulweni kobumfihlo, ngisho nasekulinyazweni ngokomzimba. Njengoba ukwamukelwa kwezindlu kushesha, kubalulekile kubanikazi bezindlu, abaphathi bezindlu, kanye nochwepheshe bezokuphepha ukuthi baqaphele lezi zingozi futhi bathathe izinyathelo zokuthatha isinyathelo.
1. I-Firmware Ephelelwe Yisikhathi: Isango Elithule Labaduni
Enye yezingqinamba ezinganakwa kakhulu ezinhlelweni ze-intercom zomnyango yi-firmware esiphelelwe yisikhathi, ehlala iyisisulu esiyinhloko sezigebengu ze-inthanethi. Ngokungafani nama-smartphone noma ama-laptop avuselela izibuyekezo njalo, izinhlelo eziningi ze-intercom—ikakhulukazi amamodeli amadala—azinazo izilungiso ezizenzakalelayo. Abakhiqizi bavame ukuyeka izibuyekezo ngemva kweminyaka engu-2-3 kuphela, okushiya amadivayisi evezwe ngamaphutha okuphepha angakalungiswa.
Ama-hacker asebenzisa lezi zikhala ngokuhlasela okunamandla noma ngokusebenzisa izinqubo zakudala ezifana nokuxhumeka kwe-HTTP okungabethelwe. Ngo-2023, inkampani yezokuphepha kwe-inthanethi yathola iphutha elibalulekile kumkhiqizo odumile we-intercom owavumela abahlaseli ukuthi badlule ngokuphelele ekuqinisekisweni ngokuthumela izicelo zenethiwekhi ezilungisiwe. Uma sebengaphakathi, babengase baqalise ukukhishwa komnyango kude futhi bangene ezakhiweni bengatholakali.
Abaphathi bezindlu bavame ukwenza lokhu kube kubi kakhulu ngokulibazisa izibuyekezo ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngezindleko noma ukwesaba “izakhamuzi eziphazamisayo.” Ucwaningo olwenziwe yi-International Association of Property Managers luthole ukuthi ama-62% emiphakathi yokuqasha ayihlehlisa izibuyekezo, ngokungahlosile eguqula ama-intercom abe izimemo ezivulekile zabantu abangena ngenkani.
2. Ukuqinisekiswa Okubuthakathaka: Uma i-“Password123” Iba Ingozi Yokuphepha
Ngisho nehadiwe ye-intercom ethuthuke kakhulu iphephile kuphela njengezinqubo zayo zokuqinisekisa—futhi eziningi ziyasilela. Ucwaningo lwango-2024 lwemikhiqizo ye-intercom ehamba phambili engu-50 lwembule ukuthi:
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Ama-78% avumela amaphasiwedi abuthakathaka angaphansi kwezinhlamvu ezingu-8.
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Ama-43% awanawo ama-two-factor authentication (2FA) okufinyelela kude.
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Amamodeli amaningi ashibhile athunyelwa ngokungena okuzenzakalelayo njenge-“admin123” noma inombolo yochungechunge yedivayisi.
Lobu buthakathaka bubangele ukwanda kokugqekezwa kwabantu ngamathuba. EChicago kuphela, amaphoyisa abike izehlakalo ezingu-47 ngo-2023 lapho amasela asebenzisa khona amaphasiwedi azenzakalelayo noma abuthakathaka ukuze angene ezindaweni zokwamukela izivakashi futhi eba amaphakheji. Kwezinye izimo, amasela afinyelela amayunithi amaningi ngobusuku obubodwa ngokuqagela amaphasiwedi alula abahlali njenge-“123456” noma ikheli lesakhiwo.
Ingozi ifinyelela ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zeselula. Izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ze-intercom zigcina iziqinisekiso endaweni kuma-smartphone. Uma ifoni ilahleka noma yebiwe, noma ubani onedivayisi angangena ngokuchofoza kanye—akudingeki ukuqinisekisa.
3. Ukuphazanyiswa Okungokomzimba: Ukuxhaphaza Ubuthakathaka Behadiwe
Nakuba izingozi zokuphepha kwe-inthanethi zibusa ezindabeni, ukuphazanyiswa ngokomzimba kusalokhu kuyindlela evamile yokuhlasela. Ama-intercom amaningi anezintambo eziveziwe noma ama-faceplate asuswayo angasetshenziswa ukuze adlule indlela yokukhiya.
Isibonelo, ama-intercom athembele ekushintsheni okulula kwe-relay anganqotshwa nge-screwdriver kanye ne-paperclip ngemizuzwana embalwa—alukho ulwazi oluthuthukisiwe oludingekayo. Ama-vandals aphinde ahlasele ihadiwe ngokukhubaza amakhamera noma imakrofoni, okuvimbela izakhamuzi ukuthi ziqinisekise izivakashi ngokubona.
EDolobheni laseNew York, ama-31% ezakhiwo zokuhlala abike ukucekelwa phansi kwe-intercom ngo-2023, okwabiza abaphathi bezindawo isilinganiso sama-$800 ngokulungiswa ngakunye futhi kwashiya abaqashi bengenawo amandla okulawula ukungena amasonto amaningi.
4. Izingozi Zobumfihlo: Lapho ama-Intercom ehlola Abanikazi Bawo
Ngaphandle kokungena okungagunyaziwe, ama-intercom amaningi aphakamisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngobumfihlo. Amamodeli angabizi avame ukungabi nokubethela kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni, okuveza ukusakazwa kwevidiyo nomsindo ekuthinteni.
Ngo-2022, umkhiqizi omkhulu we-intercom wabhekana necala ngemuva kokuba abaphangi bephule amaseva abo angabethelwe, bevuza ama-video feed avela emindenini engaphezu kwe-10,000. Izithombe zazihlanganisa izakhamuzi eziphethe ukudla, zingena emakhaya azo, noma zixhumana namalungu omndeni.
Ngisho noma zibethelwe, ezinye izinhlelo zabelana ngokuthula ngedatha yomsebenzisi nezinkampani zokuhlaziya zezinkampani zangaphandle. Uphenyo lwe-Consumer Reports lwango-2023 luthole ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-intercom eziyi-19 kwezingu-25 ziqoqe ulwazi olubucayi njengedatha yendawo, ama-ID edivayisi, kanye namaphethini okufinyelela—ngokuvamile ngaphandle kwemvume ecacile yomsebenzisi. Lokhu kuphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokuqapha kanye nokwenza imali ngedatha ezindaweni zokuhlala.
Indlela Yokuvikela Ikhaya Lakho: Izinyathelo Eziwusizo Zabahlali Nabaphathi Bezindlu
Izingozi zama-intercom omnyango lapho umnyango ukhishwa zingokoqobo—kodwa ziyalawuleka. Bobabili izakhamuzi kanye nabaphathi bezakhiwo bangathatha izinyathelo zokuqapha:
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Beka phambili izibuyekezo ze-Firmware
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Izakhamuzi: Hlola uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza noma isayithi lomkhiqizi we-intercom nyanga zonke.
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Abaphathi bezindlu: Hlela izibuyekezo zekota noma ubambisane nezinkampani zokuphepha ukuze kwenziwe ukulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo.
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Qinisa Ukuqinisekiswa
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Sebenzisa amaphasiwedi anezinhlamvu ezingu-12+ anezimpawu ezixubile.
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Nika amandla i-2FA lapho itholakala khona.
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Setha kabusha ukungena okuzenzakalelayo ngokushesha ngemva kokufakwa.
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Ihadiwe Ephathekayo Evikelekile
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Engeza ama-faceplate angaphazamiseki.
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Fihla noma uvikele izintambo eziveziwe.
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Cabanga ngezikhiye zesibili zezakhiwo ezinobungozi obukhulu.
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Khetha Izinhlelo Ezigxile Kubumfihlo
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Khetha abathengisi abanezinqubomgomo zokubethela ezisobala.
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Gwema izinhlelo ezabelana ngedatha yomsebenzisi nabantu besithathu ngaphandle kwemvume.
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Isiphetho: Ukunethezeka Akufanele Kubekezelelwe Ezokuphepha
Ama-intercom eminyango anokukhululwa kweminyango ashintshe indawo yokuhlala ngokuhlanganisa ukulula nokulawula ukufinyelela. Kodwa ubuthakathaka bawo—i-firmware esiphelelwe yisikhathi, ukuqinisekiswa okubuthakathaka, ukuphazamiseka ngokomzimba, kanye nezingozi zobumfihlo bedatha—kufakazela ukuthi ukulula kukodwa akwanele.
Kubahlali, ukuqapha kusho ukubuyekeza izilungiselelo, ukuvikela iziqinisekiso, nokubika izinto ezingavamile. Kubaphathi bezindlu, ukutshala imali ezinhlelweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezinakekelwa njalo akuyona nje imali—kuyisidingo.
Ekugcineni, ukuphepha kwezindlu zanamuhla kumele kubeke phambili kokubili ukulula kanye nokuqina. Zona kanye izinhlelo esizethembayo ukuvikela amakhaya ethu akufanele zibe yisixhumanisi esibuthakathaka esiwabeka engcupheni.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-26-2025